<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Autoimmun-Regulator</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmun-Regulator"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Autoimmun-Regulator rootpage-Autoimmun-Regulator skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Autoimmun-Regulator</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_AIRE" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">AIRE
</th></tr>
<tr style="text-align:center;">
<td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold;">nach <a href="Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1xwh">1xwh</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Andere Namen
</td>
<td colspan="2">
<p>APECED-Protein
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Vorhandene Strukturdaten: <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1XWH">1XWH</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2KE1">2KE1</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2KFT">2KFT</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2LRI">2LRI</a></span>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Masse</a>/Länge <a href="Prim%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Primärstruktur">Primärstruktur</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">57,7 <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">Kilodalton</a> / 545 <a href="Aminos%C3%A4ure" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminosäure">Aminosäuren</a> (Isoform 1 / AIRE-1)
<p>35,7 Kilodalton / 338 Aminosäuren (Isoform 2 / AIRE-2)<br>
25,9 Kilodalton / 244 Aminosäuren (Isoform 3 / AIRE-3)<br>
36,5 Kilodalton / 348 Aminosäuren (Isoform 4)
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Isoform" title="Isoform">Isoformen</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">4
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Namen</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=360">AIRE</a></i>, APECED
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Externe IDs
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="">
<ul><li><a href="GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=AIRE">AIRE</a></li>
<li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/607358">607358</a></li>
<li><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O43918">O43918</a></li>
<li><a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:1338803">1338803</a></li></ul>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Homologie-Familie
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hogenom.univ-lyon1.fr/query_sequence?seq=O43918">Hovergen</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122; text-align:center;"><a href="Homologie_(Genetik)#Homologie_zwischen_verdoppelten_oder_fremden_Genen" title="Homologie (Genetik)">Orthologe</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">
</td>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Mensch
</td>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Hausmaus
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Entrez_Gene" title="Entrez Gene">Entrez</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=326&rn=1">326</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=11634&rn=1">11634</a></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Ensembl" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000160224;db=core">ENSG00000160224</a></small></small></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000000731;db=core">ENSMUSG00000000731</a></small></small></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/O43918">O43918</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/Q9Z0E3">Q9Z0E3</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (mRNA)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000383">NM_000383</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001271549">NM_001271549</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (Protein)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000374">NP_000374</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001258478">NP_001258478</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human?db=hg38&position=chr21:44285838-44298648">Chr 21: 44.29 – 44.3 Mb</a> </span>
</td>
<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=mm10&position=chr10:78030022-78043610">Chr 10: 78.03 – 78.04 Mb</a> </span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>-Suche
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=326">326</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=11634">11634</a></span>
<p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p>Das Protein <b>Autoimmun-Regulator</b> (<b>AIRE</b>) ist ein <a href="Transkriptionsfaktor" title="Transkriptionsfaktor">Transkriptionsfaktor</a>, der an der Vermeidung von <a href="Autoimmunit%C3%A4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoimmunität">Autoimmunität</a> bei der Bildung von <a href="T-Zelle" class="mw-redirect" title="T-Zelle">T-Zellen</a> beteiligt ist.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eigenschaften">Eigenschaften</h2></div>
<p>AIRE wird am Übergang der Rinde zum Mark des <a href="Thymus" title="Thymus">Thymus</a> in <a href="Epithelzelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelzelle">Epithelzellen</a> (mTEC, von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic"><i>medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells</i></span>) gebildet. Die mTEC sind <a href="Liste_der_humanen_CD-Antigene" title="Liste der humanen CD-Antigene">CD45-negativ</a>, <a href="CD40" class="mw-redirect" title="CD40">CD40</a>-, <a href="CD80" class="mw-redirect" title="CD80">CD80</a>- und <a href="PD-L1" class="mw-redirect" title="PD-L1">PD-L1</a>-positiv,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> EpCAM-positiv, UEA1-positiv Cytokeratin-5-positiv und Cytokeratin-14-positiv.<sup id="cite_ref-Andersen_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andersen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AIRE bindet an das <a href="CREB-Binding-Protein" title="CREB-Binding-Protein">CREB-Binding-Protein</a>. Weiterhin induziert AIRE als Transkriptionsfaktor die <a href="Genexpression" title="Genexpression">Genexpression</a> mehrerer tausend verschiedener <a href="Zellabstammung" title="Zellabstammung">gewebsspezifischer</a> <a href="Autoantigen" class="mw-redirect" title="Autoantigen">Autoantigene</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Andersen_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Andersen-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die nach einem Abbau im <a href="Proteasom" title="Proteasom">Proteasom</a> über die <a href="Translokase" class="mw-redirect" title="Translokase">Translokase</a> <a href="Antigenpeptid-Transporter" title="Antigenpeptid-Transporter">TAP</a> in das <a href="Endoplasmatisches_Retikulum" title="Endoplasmatisches Retikulum">endoplasmatische Retikulum</a> transportiert werden, wo sie an <a href="Haupthistokompatibilit%C3%A4tskomplex" title="Haupthistokompatibilitätskomplex">MHCI-Proteine</a> binden. Aus dem endoplasmatischen Retikulum erfolgt die <a href="Exozytose" title="Exozytose">Exozytose</a> der Autoantigene an die <a href="Zelloberfl%C3%A4che" title="Zelloberfläche">Zelloberfläche</a>. Auf der Zelloberfläche werden die Autoantigene an MHCI-Proteine gebunden präsentiert. Binden entstehende T-Zellen daran, wird in diesen autoreaktiven T-Zellen die <a href="Apoptose" title="Apoptose">Apoptose</a> ausgelöst (Negativselektion). Dadurch ist AIRE an der Ausbildung einer zentralen <a href="Immuntoleranz" title="Immuntoleranz">Immuntoleranz</a> gegen Autoantigene beteiligt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bei fehlerhafter Negativselektion können T-Zell-basierte Autoimmunerkrankungen entstehen. Weiterhin induziert AIRE die Ausbildung von <a href="Regulatorische_T-Zelle" title="Regulatorische T-Zelle">regulatorischen T-Zellen</a>, die zur peripheren Immuntoleranz beitragen.<sup id="cite_ref-DOI10.1126/science.aaa7017_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DOI10.1126/science.aaa7017-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Ein <a href="Gendefekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gendefekt">Gendefekt</a> im Gen von AIRE ist an der Entstehung der <a href="Autoimmunerkrankung" title="Autoimmunerkrankung">Autoimmunerkrankung</a> <a href="APECED" class="mw-redirect" title="APECED">APECED</a> beteiligt.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Perniola, G. Musco: <i>The biophysical and biochemical properties of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) protein.</i> In: <i><a href="Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta" title="Biochimica et Biophysica Acta">Biochimica et Biophysica Acta</a>.</i> Band 1842, Nummer 2, Februar 2014, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220006-3002%22&key=cql">0006-3002</a></span></span>, S. 326–337, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.020" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.020">doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.020</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24275490?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24275490</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. X. Hubert, S. A. Kinkel, K. E. Webster, P. Cannon, P. E. Crewther, A. I. Proeitto, L. Wu, W. R. Heath, H. S. Scott: <i>A specific anti-Aire antibody reveals aire expression is restricted to medullary thymic epithelial cells and not expressed in periphery.</i> In: <i>Journal of Immunology.</i> Band 180, Nummer 6, März 2008, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%220022-1767%22&key=cql">0022-1767</a></span></span>, S. 3824–3832, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18322189?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18322189</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Andersen-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Andersen_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Andersen_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">M. S. Anderson, M. A. Su: <i>Aire and T cell development.</i> In: <i>Current opinion in immunology.</i> Band 23, Nummer 2, April 2011, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221879-0372%22&key=cql">1879-0372</a></span></span>, S. 198–206, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2010.11.007" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/j.coi.2010.11.007">doi:10.1016/j.coi.2010.11.007</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21163636?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21163636</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073725/">PMC 3073725</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Zumer, K. Saksela, B. M. Peterlin: <i>The mechanism of tissue-restricted antigen gene expression by AIRE.</i> In: <i>Journal of Immunology.</i> Band 190, Nummer 6, März 2013, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221550-6606%22&key=cql">1550-6606</a></span></span>, S. 2479–2482, <a href="https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.1203210" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203210">doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1203210</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456700?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23456700</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Laan, P. Peterson: <i>The many faces of aire in central tolerance.</i> In: <i>Frontiers in immunology.</i> Band 4, 2013, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221664-3224%22&key=cql">1664-3224</a></span></span>, S. 326, <a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2013.00326" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00326">doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00326</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24130560?dopt=Abstract">PMID 24130560</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3795325/">PMC 3795325</a> (freier Volltext).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DOI10.1126/science.aaa7017-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DOI10.1126/science.aaa7017_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Yang, N. Fujikado, D. Kolodin, C. Benoist, D. Mathis: <i>Regulatory T cells generated early in life play a distinct role in maintaining self-tolerance.</i> In: <i>Science.</i> 348, 2015, S. 589, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa7017" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1126/science.aaa7017">doi:10.1126/science.aaa7017</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Finnish-German APECED Consortium: <i>An autoimmune disease, APECED, caused by mutations in a novel gene featuring two PHD-type zinc-finger domains.</i> In: <i>Nature genetics.</i> Band 17, Nummer 4, Dezember 1997, <span class="-print"><a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%221061-4036%22&key=cql">1061-4036</a></span></span>, S. 399–403, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1297-399" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/ng1297-399">doi:10.1038/ng1297-399</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9398840?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9398840</a>.</span>
</li>
</ol></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-05-19" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Autoimmun-Regulator&oldid=256134275">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>
</body></html>